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try { 
    func()
} catch (e if e instanceof TypeError) {
     // handle TypeError here
} catch (e) {
    // handle any other..
}

function sqr(x) x*x

// is equivalent to
// function sqr(x) { return x*x }

// for each (variable in object) { statement }

// print each array element 
var arr = [ "hello", "world" ];
for each (a in arr) {
 print(a)
}

var JArray = Java.type("int[]");
// create 10 element int array
var arr = new JArray(10);

// assign squares
for (i in arr) { 
   arr[i] = i*i;
}
 
// print values of each array element
for each (i in arr) {
   print(i);
} 

var System  = Java.type("java.lang.System")

// print all Java System property name, value pairs
for each (p in System.properties.entrySet()) {
    print(p.key, "=", p.value) 
}

// print all environment variables with values
for each (e in System.env.entrySet()) {
  print(e.key, "=", e.value)
}

// This syntax is primarily used to support anonymous class-like syntax for
// Java interface implementation as shown below.

var r = new java.lang.Runnable() {
    run: function() { print("run"); }
}

function () {
    print("hello")
}

var str = <<EOF

This is a string that contains multiple lines
hello
world
That's all!

EOF

print(str)

var x = "World"
var str = "Hello, ${x}"

print(str) // prints "Hello, World" because ${x} is substituted with value of variable "x"

// exec "ls -l" to get file listing as a string
var files = `ls -l`
var lines = files.split("\n");

// print only the directories
for (var l in lines) {
    var line = lines[l];
    if (line.startsWith("d")) // directory
        print(line)
}

# style line comment -scripting mode
# prints hello

print("hello")

$ cd /usr/bin
$ sudo ln -s $JAVA_HOME/bin/jjs jjs
$ chmod 755 test.js

where test.js is as follows:

#!/usr/bin/jjs
print("hello")

$ ./test.js

var obj = {
  __noSuchProperty__: function(n) {
    print("No such property: " + n);
  }
}

obj.foo;     // prints No such property: foo

obj["bar"];  // prints No such property: bar

var obj = {
  __noSuchMethod__: function() {
    for (i in arguments) {
       print(arguments[i])
    }
}

obj.foo(2, 'hello'); // prints "foo", 2, "hello"

var obj = {}

var obj2 = { foo: 344 }

// bind properties of 'obj2' to 'obj'
Object.bindProperties(obj, obj2);

print(obj.foo);    // obj2.foo
obj.foo = "hello"  // obj2.foo assigned
print(obj2.foo);   // prints "hello"

// bind to global 'this' is also possible
Object.bindProperties(this, obj2);

print(foo);        // prints obj2.foo
foo = 42;          // assigns to obj2.foo
print(obj2.foo);   // prints 42

function func() {
    throw new Error()
}

function f() {
    func()
}

try {
    f()
} catch (e) {
    print(e.stack)
    print(e.lineNumber)
    print(e.columnNumber)
    print(e.fileName)
}

print(__FILE__, __LINE__, __DIR__)

print("hello", "world")

// can load script from files, URLs

load("foo.js"); // loads script from file "foo.js" from current directory
load("http://www.example.com/t.js"); // loads script file from given URL

// loads script from an object's properties. 

// Object should have "script" and "name" properties.
//     "script" property contains string code of the script. 
//     "name" property specifies name to be used while reporting errors from script
// This is almost like the standard "eval" except that it associates a name with
// the script string for debugging purpose.

load({ script: "print('hello')", name: "myscript.js"})

// load can also load from pseudo URLs like "nashorn:", "fx:", "classpath:" 

// "nashorn:" pseudo URL scheme
// for nashorn's built-in scripts. 

// load nashorn's parser support script - defines 'parse'
// function in global scope

load("nashorn:parser.js"); 

// load Mozilla compatibility script - which defines global functions
// like importPackage, importClass for rhino compatibility.

load("nashorn:mozilla_compat.js");

// "fx:" pseudo URL scheme for JavaFX support scripts
// "classpath:" pseudo URL scheme to load scripts from jjs classpath jars and directories

load("classpath:foo.js"); // load the first foo.js found in jjs -classpath dir

loadWithNewGlobal({
    script: "foo = 333; print(foo)",
    name: "test"
});

// prints undefined as "foo" is defined in the new global and not here
print(typeof foo); 

exit(1); // exit with given exit code
exit();  // exit 0
 
quit(2); // exit with given exit code
quit();  // exit 0

var Vector = Packages.java.util.Vector;

// but short-cuts defined for important package prefixes like
//    Packages.java, Packages.javax, Packages.com
//    Packages.edu, Packages.javafx, Packages.org

var JFrame = javax.swing.JFrame;  // javax == Packages.javax
var List = java.util.List;        // java == Packages.java

jjs> Packages.java
[JavaPackage java]
jjs> java
[JavaPackage java]
jjs> java.util.Vector
[JavaClass java.util.Vector]
jjs> javax
[JavaPackage javax]
jjs> javax.swing.JFrame
[JavaClass javax.swing.JFrame]

// JavaImporter constructor accepts one or more Java Package objects
var imports = new JavaImporter(java.util, java.io);

// a JavaImporter can be used as a "with" expression object
with(imports) {
    // classes from java.util and java.io packages can 
    // can be accessed by unqualified names

    var map = new HashMap(); // refers to java.util.HashMap
    map.put("js", "javascript");
    map.put("java", "java");
    map.put("cpp", "c++");
    print(map);

    var f = new File("."); // refers to java.io.File
    print(f.getAbsolutePath());
}

// read text content from the given URL

function readText(url) {
    // Using JavaImporter to resolve classes
    // from specified java packages within the
    // 'with' statement below

    with (new JavaImporter(java.io, java.net)) {
        // more or less regular java code except for static types
        var is = new URL(url).openStream();
        try {
            var reader = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(is));
            var buf = '', line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                buf += line;
            }
        } finally {
            reader.close();
        }
        return buf;
    }
}

print(readText("http://google.com?q=jdk8"))

 var arrayListType = Java.type("java.util.ArrayList")
 var intType = Java.type("int")
 var stringArrayType = Java.type("java.lang.String[]")
 var int2DArrayType = Java.type("int[][]")
 
 // Note that the name of the type is always a string for a fully
 // qualified name. You can use any of these types to create
 // new instances, e.g.:
  
 var anArrayList = new Java.type("java.util.ArrayList")
 
 // or

 var ArrayList = Java.type("java.util.ArrayList")
 var anArrayList = new ArrayList
 var anArrayListWithSize = new ArrayList(16)


 var BoolArray = Java.type("boolean[]");
 var arr = new BoolArray(10);
 arr[0] = true;

 // In the special case of inner classes, you can either use the JVM fully 
 // qualified name, meaning using $ sign in the class name, or you can
 // use the dot:

 var ftype = Java.type("java.awt.geom.Arc2D$Float")
 
 // and this works too:
  
 var ftype = Java.type("java.awt.geom.Arc2D.Float")

 // Java Class object to type:
 // similar to Java.type("java.util.Vector")

 var Class = Java.type("java.lang.Class")
 var VectorClass = Class.forName("java.util.Vector")
 var Vector = VectorClass.static; 

var TimerTask =  Java.type("java.util.TimerTask")
var task = new TimerTask({ run: function() { print("Hello World!") } })

var task = new TimerTask {
    run: function() {
       print("Hello World!")
    }
}

 var task = new TimerTask(function() { print("Hello World!") })

 var Timer = Java.type("java.util.Timer")
 var timer = new Timer()
 timer.schedule(function() { print("Hello World!") }, 1000)
 java.lang.System.in.read()

var ArrayList = Java.type("java.util.ArrayList")
var ArrayListExtender = Java.extend(ArrayList)
var printSizeInvokedArrayList = new ArrayListExtender() {
    size: function() { print("size invoked!"); }
}

var printAddInvokedArrayList = new ArrayListExtender() {
    add: function(x, y) {
      if(typeof(y) === "undefined") {
          print("add(e) invoked!");
      } else {
          print("add(i, e) invoked!");
      }
    }
}

#// Usage: jjs javafoovars.js -- <directory>

// This example demonstrates Java subclassing by Java.extend
// and javac Compiler and Tree API. This example counts number
// of variables called "foo" in the given java source files!
if (arguments.length == 0) {
    print("Usage: jjs javafoovars.js -- <directory>");
    exit(1);
}

// Java types used
var File = Java.type("java.io.File");
var Files = Java.type("java.nio.file.Files");
var FileVisitOption = Java.type("java.nio.file.FileVisitOption");
var StringArray = Java.type("java.lang.String[]");
var ToolProvider = Java.type("javax.tools.ToolProvider");
var Tree = Java.type("com.sun.source.tree.Tree");
var TreeScanner = Java.type("com.sun.source.util.TreeScanner");
var VariableTree = Java.type("com.sun.source.tree.VariableTree");

// count "foo"-s in the given .java files
function countFoo() {
    // get the system compiler tool
    var compiler = ToolProvider.systemJavaCompiler;
    // get standard file manager
    var fileMgr = compiler.getStandardFileManager(null, null, null);
    // Using Java.to convert script array (arguments) to a Java String[]
    var compUnits = fileMgr.getJavaFileObjects(
        Java.to(arguments, StringArray));
    // create a new compilation task
    var task = compiler.getTask(null, fileMgr, null, null, null, compUnits);
    // subclass SimpleTreeVisitor - to count variables called "foo"
    var FooCounterVisitor = Java.extend(TreeScanner);
    var fooCount = 0;

    var visitor = new FooCounterVisitor() {
        visitVariable: function (node, p) {
            if (node.name.toString() == "foo") {
                fooCount++;
            }
        }
    }

    for each (var cu in task.parse()) {
        cu.accept(visitor, null);
    }
    return fooCount;
}

// for each ".java" file in directory (recursively) count "foo".
function main(dir) {
    var totalCount = 0;
    Files.walk(dir.toPath(), FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS).
      forEach(function(p) {
        var name = p.toFile().absolutePath;
        if (name.endsWith(".java")) {
            var count = 0;
            try {
                count = countFoo(p.toFile().getAbsolutePath());
            } catch (e) {
                print(e);
            }
            if (count != 0) {
                print(name + ": " + count);
            }
            totalCount += count;
        }
      });
    print("Total foo count: " + totalCount);
}

main(new File(arguments[0]));

var File = Java.type("java.io.File")
var listHomeDir = new File("~").listFiles()

// Java array to JavaScript array conversion by Java.from
var jsListHome = Java.from(listHomeDir)

var jpegModifiedDates = jsListHome
    .filter(function(val) { return val.getName().endsWith(".jpg") })
    .map(function(val) { return val.lastModified() })

var anArray = [1, "13", false]

// Java.to used to convert script array to a Java int array
var javaIntArray = Java.to(anArray, "int[]")

print(javaIntArray[0])  // prints 1
print(javaIntArray[1])  // prints 13, as string "13" was converted to number 13 
                        // as per ECMAScript ToNumber conversion
print(javaIntArray[2])  // prints 0, as boolean false was converted to number 0
                        // as per ECMAScript ToNumber conversion

var CharArray = Java.type("char[]")
var jString = Java.type("java.lang.String")
var Character = Java.type("java.lang.Character")

function capitalize(s) {
    if(s instanceof CharArray) {
        return new jString(s).toUpperCase()
    }
    if(s instanceof jString) {
        return s.toUpperCase()
    }
    return Character.toUpperCase(s) // must be int
}

var sw = new (Java.type("java.io.StringWriter"))

var FilterWriterAdapter = Java.extend(Java.type("java.io.FilterWriter"))

var cw = new FilterWriterAdapter(sw) {
    write: function(s, off, len) {
        s = capitalize(s)
        // Must handle overloads by arity
        if(off === undefined) {
            cw_super.write(s, 0, s.length())
        } else if (typeof s === "string") {
            cw_super.write(s, off, len)
        }
    }
}
var cw_super = Java.super(cw)

cw.write("abcd")
cw.write("e".charAt(0))
cw.write("fgh".toCharArray())
cw.write("**ijk**", 2, 3)
cw.write("***lmno**".toCharArray(), 3, 4)
cw.flush()
print(sw)

#// Usage: jjs -fx filebrowser.js -- <start_dir>

// Uses -fx and javafx TreeView to visualize directories
if (!$OPTIONS._fx) {
    print("Usage: jjs -fx filebrowser.js -- <start_dir>");
    exit(1);
}

// Java classes used
var File = Java.type("java.io.File");
var Files = Java.type("java.nio.file.Files");

// check directory argument, if passed
var dir = arguments.length > 0? new File(arguments[0]) : new File(".");
if (! dir.isDirectory()) {
    print(dir + " is not a directory!");
    exit(2);
}

// JavaFX classes used
var FXCollections = Java.type("javafx.collections.FXCollections");
var Scene     = Java.type("javafx.scene.Scene");
var TreeItem  = Java.type("javafx.scene.control.TreeItem");
var TreeView  = Java.type("javafx.scene.control.TreeView");

// create a subclass of JavaFX TreeItem class
var LazyTreeItem = Java.extend(TreeItem);

// lazily filling children of a directory LazyTreeItem
function buildChildren(dir) {
    var children = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
    var stream = Files.list(dir.toPath());
    stream.forEach(function(path) {
        var file = path.toFile();
        var item = file.isDirectory()?
            makeLazyTreeItem(file) : new TreeItem(file.name);
        children.add(item);
    });
    stream.close();
    return children;
}

// create an instance LazyTreeItem with override methods
function makeLazyTreeItem(dir) {
    var item = new LazyTreeItem(dir.name) {
        expanded: false,
        isLeaf: function() false,
        getChildren: function() {
            if (! this.expanded) {
                // call super class (TreeItem) method
                Java.super(item).getChildren().setAll(buildChildren(dir));
                this.expanded = true;
            }
            // call super class (TreeItem) method
            return Java.super(item).getChildren();
        }
    }
    return item;
}

// JavaFX start method
function start(stage) {
    stage.title = dir.absolutePath;
    var rootItem = makeLazyTreeItem(dir);
    rootItem.expanded = true;
    var tree = new TreeView(rootItem);
    stage.scene = new Scene(tree, 300, 450);
    stage.show();
}

var Thread = Java.type("java.lang.Thread");
var sum = 0;
var lock = {};

function run() {
    Thread.sleep(Math.floor(Math.random()*700) + 300);

    // create synchronized wrapper of given function
    // and use the second param as the synchronization lock
    Java.synchronized(function() sum++, lock)();
}

var threads = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    var t = new Thread(run);
    threads.push(t);
    t.start();
}

for (var i in threads) {
   threads[i].join();
}

// always prints 4
print(sum);

import javax.script.*;
import java.util.*;
public class JSONTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ScriptEngineManager m = new ScriptEngineManager();
        ScriptEngine e = m.getEngineByName("nashorn");
        Object obj = e.eval("Java.asJSONCompatible({ x: 343, y: 'hello', z: [2,4, 5] })");
        Map<String, Object> map = (Map<String, Object>)obj;
        System.out.println(map.get("x"));
        List<Object> array = (List<Object>)map.get("z");
        for (Object elem : array) {
            System.out.println(elem);
        }
    }
}

var HashMap = Java.type("java.util.HashMap")
var map = new HashMap()
// map key-value access by java get/put method calls
map.put('js', 'nashorn')
print(map.get('js'))
// access keys of map as properties
print(map['js'])
print(map.js)
// also assign new key-value pair 
// as 'property-value'
map['language'] = 'java'
print(map.get("language"))
print(map.language)
print(map['language'])
map.answer = 42
print(map.get("answer"))
print(map.answer)
print(map['answer'])

// Java List elements accessed/modified via
// array element access/update syntax
var ArrayList = Java.type("java.util.ArrayList")
var list = new ArrayList()
// add elements to list by List's add method calls
list.add("js")
list.add("ecmascript")
list.add("nashorn")
// get by List's get(int) method
print(list[0])
print(list[1])
print(list[2])
// access list elements by indexed access as well
print(list[0])
print(list[1])
print(list[2])
// assign to list elements by index as well
list[0] = list[0].toUpperCase()
list[1] = list[1].toUpperCase()
list[2] = list[2].toUpperCase()
print(list.get(0))
print(list.get(1))
print(list.get(2))
print(list[0])
print(list[1])
print(list[2])
print(list.length); // prints list.size()

var IntStream = Java.type("java.util.stream.IntStream");

// IntStream's forEach requires a lambda implementing
// java.util.function.IntConsumer. You can pass a script function!

IntStream.range(0, 100).forEach(
    function(x) { 
        print(x*x) 
    });

var Thread = Java.type("java.lang.Thread");

// java.lang.Thread constructor requires a java.lang.Runnable
// You can pass script function wherever a SAM is expected
new Thread(function() {
    print("I am a thread!");
}).start();

var JFunction = Java.type('java.util.function.Function')

var obj = new JFunction() { 
   apply: function(x) { print(x*x) } 
}

// every lambda object is a 'function'

print(typeof obj); // prints "function"

// 'calls' lambda as though it is a function
obj(91);

var out = java.lang.System.out;
out["println(int)"](Math.PI); // selects PrintStream.println(int).
// prints 3 as Math.PI is converted to int

// With jdk9, you can select a specific constructor as well.

var C = java.awt["Color(int,int,int)"];
print(new C(255, 0, 0);

var F = Java.type("java.io.File")["(String)"];
print(new F("foo.txt"));

import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.AbstractJSObject;
import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
/**
 * Simple class demonstrating pluggable script object
 * implementation. By implementing jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.JSObject
 * (or extending AbstractJSObject which implements it), you
 * can supply a friendly script object. Nashorn will call
 * 'magic' methods on such a class on 'obj.foo, obj.foo = 33,
 * obj.bar()' etc. from script.
 *
 * In this example, Java nio DoubleBuffer object is wrapped
 * as a friendly script object that provides indexed acces
 * to buffer content and also support array-like "length"
 * readonly property to retrieve buffer's capacity. This class
 * also demonstrates a function valued property called "buf".
 * On 'buf' method, we return the underlying nio buffer object
 * that is being wrapped.
 */
public class BufferArray extends AbstractJSObject {
    // underlying nio buffer
    private final DoubleBuffer buf;
    public BufferArray(int size) {
        buf = DoubleBuffer.allocate(size);
    }
    public BufferArray(DoubleBuffer buf) {
        this.buf = buf;
    }
    // called to check if indexed property exists
    @Override
    public boolean hasSlot(int index) {
        return index > 0 && index < buf.capacity();
    }
    // get the value from that index
    @Override
    public Object getSlot(int index) {
       return buf.get(index);
    }
    // set the value at that index
    @Override
    public void setSlot(int index, Object value) {
       buf.put(index, ((Number)value).doubleValue());
    }
    // do you have a property of that given name?
    @Override
    public boolean hasMember(String name) {
       return "length".equals(name) || "buf".equals(name);
    }
    // get the value of that named property
    @Override
    public Object getMember(String name) {
       switch (name) {
          case "length":
              return buf.capacity();
          case "buf":
              // return a 'function' value for this property
              return new AbstractJSObject() {
                  @Override
                  public Object call(Object thiz, Object... args) {
                      return BufferArray.this.buf;
                  }
                  // yes, I'm a function !
                  @Override
                  public boolean isFunction() {
                      return true;
                  }
              };
       }
       return null;
    }
}

// Usage: jjs -scripting -cp . jsobject.js
// This sample demonstrats how to expose a
// script friendly object from your java code
// by implementing jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.JSObject
// compile the java program
`javac BufferArray.java`
// print error, if any and exit
if ($ERR != '') {
    print($ERR)
    exit($EXIT)
}
// create BufferArray
var BufferArray = Java.type("BufferArray")
var bb = new BufferArray(10)
// 'magic' methods called to retrieve set/get
// properties on BufferArray instance
var len = bb.length
print("bb.length = " + len)
for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    bb[i] = i*i
}
for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    print(bb[i])
}
// get underlying buffer by calling a method
// on BufferArray magic object
// 'buf' is a function member
print(typeof bb.buf)
var buf = bb.buf()
// use retrieved underlying nio buffer
var cap = buf.capacity()
print("buf.capacity() = " + cap)
for (var i = 0; i < cap; i++) {
   print(buf.get(i))
}

// A JSAdapter object with proxy-like special hooks
var obj = new JSAdapter() {
    __get__: function(name) {
        print("getter called for '" + name + "'"); return name;
    },

    __put__: function(name, value) {
        print("setter called for '" + name + "' with " + value);
    },

    __call__: function(name, arg1, arg2) {
        print("method '" + name + "' called with " + arg1 + ", " + arg2);
    },

    __new__: function(arg1, arg2) {
        print("new with " + arg1 + ", " + arg2);
    },

    __getIds__: function() {
        print("__getIds__ called");
        return [ "foo", "bar" ];
    },

    __getValues__: function() {
        print("__getValues__ called");
        return [ "fooval", "barval" ];
    },

    __has__: function(name) {ECMAscript typed arrays
        print("__has__ called with '" + name + "'");
        return name == "js";
    },

    __delete__: function(name) {
        print("__delete__ called with '" + name + "'");
        return true;
    }
};

// calls __get__
print(obj.foo);

// calls __put__
obj.foo = 33;

// calls __call__
obj.func("hello", "world");

// calls __new__
new obj("hey!", "it works!");

// calls __getIds__ to get array of properties
for (i in obj) {
    print(i);
}

// calls __getValues__ to get array of property values
for each (i in obj) {
    print(i);
}

$ jjs -scripting -- arg1 arg2 arg3
jjs> $ARG
arg1,arg2,arg3
jjs> $ARG[1]
arg2

$ jjs -scripting
jjs> echo("hello world");
hello world

// print $JAVA_HOME and $PATH from the OS shell

print($ENV["JAVA_HOME"])
print($ENV["PATH"])
print($ENV.JAVA_HOME)
print($ENV.PATH)

jjs> $EXEC("ls -l")
total 0
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 johndoe staff 4096 Aug 18 11:03 dir
-rwxrw-r--  1 johndoe staff  168 Aug 19 17:44 file.txt

jjs> $EXEC("cat", "Send this to stdout")
Send this to stdout

var Arrays = Java.type("java.util.Arrays")

// use curl to download JSON weather data from the net
var str = `curl http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast/daily?q=Chennai&mode=json&units=metric&cnt=7`

// parse JSON
var weather = JSON.parse($OUT)

// pull out humidity as array
var humidity = weather.list.map(function(curVal) {
    return curVal.humidity
})

// Stream API to print stat
print("Humidity")
print(Arrays["stream(int[])"](humidity).summaryStatistics())

// pull maximum day time temperature
var temp = weather.list.map(function(curVal) {
    return curVal.temp.max
})

// Stream API to print stat
print("Max Temperature")
print(Arrays["stream(double[])"](temp).summaryStatistics())

print("-scripting = " + $OPTIONS._scripting);
print("--compile-only = " + $OPTIONS._compile_only);
print("-timezone = " + $OPTIONS._timezone.ID);

jjs> readFully("text.txt")
This is the contents of the text.txt file located in the current working directory.

jjs> var name = readLine("What is your name? ")
What is your name? Bob
jjs> print("Hello, ${name}!")
Hello, Bob!
jjs> 

function func() {
    "nashorn callsite trace enterexit"; // equivalent to -tcs=enterexit
    "nashorn callsite trace miss";      // equivalent to -tcs=miss
    "nashorn callsite trace objects";   // equivalent to -tcs=objects

    print("hello");
}

func();

function func() {
    "nashorn callsite profile";  // equivalent to -pcs
    for(var i = 0; i < 10; i++) print("hello " + i);
}

func();