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In this context, "compiler" = "JIT", and usually more specifically refers to the server (or final tier) JIT.

Getting solid performance measurements is surprisingly tricky. Take extra care with micro-benchmarks.

Constants

• Use constants when you can.
• It's OK to store them in local variables; the SSA representation tends to keep them visible.
• It's OK to store them in static final fields, too.
• Static final fields can hold non-primitive, non-string constants.
• The class of a static final field value is also constant, as is the array length (if it's an array).

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